Is the fat acceptance movement bad for our health?
By Tammy Worth

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

* Many groups champion a new definition of beauty, one not dictated by
waist size

* Expert opinion: Being overweight is bad for your health, particularly
for your heart

* Some research suggests that some people can be overweight and healthy

* Others say it gives overweight people, most of whom aren't fit, an
excuse to be complacent

(Health.com) -- Deb Lemire has always been "short and square," a figure
she inherited from her grandmother and passed on to her child. So when
Lemire took her daughter in for a wellness visit and the well-meaning
pediatrician pulled her aside to talk about her daughter's weight, the
47-year-old burst into tears "because I was the 10-year-old being told
I was overweight."

She took her daughter to a nutritionist, who said her dietary habits
were good. So Lemire decided not to push the issue. "I have spent my
whole entire life dieting and feeling like my worth was attached to my
weight," says Lemire. "I wasn't going to tell her she has to change who
she is. But we're going to encourage healthy behaviors [and] not worry
about translating that into a size that's 'OK.' That message is not
going to come from me -- she'll get that enough from other people."

Lemire also happens to be president of the Association for Size
Diversity and Health, a group that advocates that people can be healthy
at any size. Her group is just one of several in a growing trend
sometimes called the fat acceptance movement.

From the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty, which portrays underwear-clad
women who tend to be larger than the average model, to the National
Association to Advance Fat Acceptance, which fights size
discrimination, many organizations and businesses are championing a new
definition of beauty -- one that is not dictated by waist size.

Although most people agree that promoting super-skinny models as the
feminine (or masculine) ideal isn't healthy, will the opposite --
accepting that being overweight or obese is fine -- undermine the
progress being made toward heart health?

In fact, experts have recently found that the decades-long efforts to
limit one serious heart risk -- smoking -- is expected to pay off with
longer life spans. Unfortunately, the rise in obesity will likely
undercut that progress.

Can you be fat and fit?

Expert opinion is pretty much unanimous: Being overweight is bad for
your health, particularly for your heart.

"Obesity is probably the only risk factor that has such a global
negative impact on so many risk factors for the heart," says Barry
Franklin, Ph.D., the director of the Cardiac Rehab Program and Exercise
Laboratories at William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan.

Obesity's heart disease risk factors include high blood pressure,
inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and trouble with blood-fat levels,
such as higher triglycerides, low HDL (good cholesterol), and high LDL
(bad cholesterol). Obesity is also associated with sleep apnea.

However, research conducted by Steven N. Blair, a professor at the
Arnold School of Public Health at the University of South Carolina,
suggests that some people can be overweight and healthy. In a 2007
study, he and colleagues found that unfit people over age 60 who were
of normal weight had higher mortality rates during the 12-year study
than people the same age with higher body-mass indexes (BMIs) who were
fit (as measured by a treadmill test).

And a 2008 study found that the location of fat deposits on the body is
a big factor in the health risks associated with being overweight.
(Belly fat and fat deposits in the liver are bad news.)

Franklin says that studies have indeed shown that fit overweight or
obese people have cardiovascular mortality rates that are lower than
thin, unfit people.

Michelle May, M.D., the author of "Eat What You Love; Love What You
Eat: How To Break Your Eat-Repent-Repeat Cycle," says, "We use obesity
as a marker of whether someone is practicing a healthy lifestyle, but
that is not a way of determining if they are making healthy eating
choices, are physically active, or have economic, emotional, and social
stability, which is important to longevity."

May, who is a member of the Association for Size Diversity and Health,
says, "It is easy to use a BMI and place everyone in the same box, but
it is too simplistic and is not always an accurate description of
someone's health."

But are such studies just an excuse for overweight people -- most of
whom aren't fit -- to remain complacent about excess weight? There
remains concern on the part of physicians that the rise in fat
acceptance is an unhealthy trend.

Franklin says that people who are overweight or obese already have one
strike against them in terms of heart health, and need to compensate by
monitoring other factors like exercise, blood pressure, and blood sugar.

"I don't want to take on any specific organization...but a social
movement that would suggest healthy at any size in many respects can be
misleading," Franklin says. "We can't say that every overweight person
is healthy."

Is body image as important as health?

But for Lemire and others, it is important to balance a healthy body
image with a healthy body.

"Health at any size is helping people be as healthy as they choose to
be, want to be, need to be -- as healthy as they are," Lemire says.
"Everyone at any size can take care of the body they have and support
their well-being."

May says she is concerned about contributing to fear and shame within a
group for which the medical community has few available solutions.

"Where else in medicine do we offer a solution -- dieting -- that is
going to fail and then point to the end user and say, 'You are
weak-willed; you don't have enough willpower'?" she asks. "I know many
thin people who don't exercise and follow unhealthy diets."

Part of the problem is that even when people -- or their kids -- are
overweight or obese, they don't think they are. In fact, 8 percent of
obese people think they are healthy and don't need to lose weight (even
though 35 percent of those people have high blood pressure, 15 percent
high cholesterol, and 14 percent diabetes), according to a study of
nearly 6,000 people presented in November 2009 at the American Heart
Association meeting.

It's not clear why there's a disconnect. But with the rise in obesity,
people may have a skewed perception of a "normal" weight. Right now,
more than 60 percent of American adults are obese or overweight. (This
map shows the states with the highest percentage of overweight people.)

Lemire and May believe that the focus should be placed on an
individual's health as much as his or her weight, and that people can
make great strides just by taking small steps toward improvement.

"I think it's a given that we understand physical activity is good for
your body," Lemire says. "Most people find that when they are more
physically active, it makes us feel better and makes the machine run
better. But we shouldn't be promoting it just on the backs of fat
people."

However, people who don't think they have a health problem may be less
likely to exercise, visit a physician, or talk about dietary changes
with their doctor.

Stephen Nicholls, M.D., the clinical director of the Cleveland Clinic
Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, says it's never
too late to improve your health by eating better, becoming physically
active, quitting smoking, and seeing a doctor for checkups.

Health.com: How to burn more calories running

However, Nicholls is still concerned that fat acceptance may send the
message that being overweight isn't a health issue.

"As a population, we have moved the yardstick ourselves as what we
consider to be a problem and what we don't consider to be a problem,"
Nicholls says. "We consume processed, high-fat, easily available food
and reduce the amount of exercise and activity we perform on a daily
basis. There is complacency about developing obesity, and it could
suggest that we underestimate what its implications might be."

He adds, "Obesity is the single greatest public health problem we face
in the U.S. today and is now spreading beyond the developed world into
developing countries."

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