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Weight Loss Forum / General Topics / August 2004CLA helps destroy fat cells, helps with insuiln sensitivity
Here's two interesting articles, all related to how certain safe nutritional supplements help destroy fat cells, and maintain level of beta cells responsible for insulin production. ============================================================================= Mo' CLA and other nutritional interventions aimed at DM II, metabolic Syndrome, visceral adipose tissue: Miner JL, Cederberg CA, Nielsen MK, Chen XL, Baile CA: CLA, body fat, and apoptosis. Obes Res 9:129-34, 2001. Abstract: Objective of the study was to determine if consumption of CLA by mice could induce apoptosis in adipose tissue. Other objectives were to determine the influence of feeding mice CLA for < or =2 weeks on body fat, energy expenditure, and feed intake. A mixture of CLA isomers (predominantly c9,t11 and t10,c12) was included in the AIN-93 G diet at 0,1, and 2%, and fed to mice for 12 days (trial1), or was included at 2% and fed to mice for0,5, and 14 days (trial 2). Feed intake was measured daily and energy expenditure was determined by direct calorimetry on day 9 in Trial 1. Retroperitoneal fat pads were analyzed for apoptosis by determination of DNA fragmentation. Dietary CLA reduced feed intake by 10% to 12% (p<0.01), but either did not influence or did not increase energy expenditure as indicated by heat loss. Body weight was not influenced by consumption of CLA in Trial 1 but was increased (p<0.01) by CLA in Trial 2. Weights of retroperitoneal, epididymal, and brown adipose tissues were lower (p<0.01) in animals fed CLA, although liver weight was increased (pZ 0.10; Trial 1) or not changed (Trial 2). Analysis of retroperitoneal fat pad DNA from both trials indicated that apoptosis was increased (p<0.01) by CLA consumption. These results are interpreted to indicate that CLA consumption causes apoptosis in while adipose tissue. This effect occurs within 5 days of consuming a diet that contains CLA. McCarty MF: Toward a wholly nutritional therapy for type 2 diabetes. Med Hypotheses 54(3), 483-487, 2000. Abstract: It may now be feasible to target specific supplemental nutrients to each of the key dysfunctions which conspire to maintain hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: bioactive chromium for skeletal muscle insulin resistance, CLA for adipocyte insulin resistance, high-dose biotin for excessive hepatic glucose output, and coenzyme Q(10) for beta cell failure. Nutritional strategies which disinhibit hepatic fatty acid oxidation (involving hydroxycitrate, carnitine, pyruvate, and other adjuvants) may likewise prove beneficial- in the short term, by decreasing serum free fatty acids and, in the longer term, by promoting regression of visceral obesity. The nutriments and food factors recommended here appear to be safe and well tolerated, and thus may have particular utility for diabetes prevention. >Here's two interesting articles, all related to how certain safe >nutritional supplements help destroy fat cells, and maintain level of >beta cells responsible for insulin production. It works very well in rodents. If you're a mouse, you should take it. If not, read the studies on humans. CLA doesn't have any significant effect of those. Barbara Hirsch, Publisher OBESITY MEDS AND RESEARCH NEWS The latest in obesity research and weight loss drug development http://www.obesity-news.com/ On Fri, 16 Jul 2004 20:13:41 GMT, Barbara Hirsch <asd@obesity-news.com> w > It works very well in rodents. If you're a mouse, you should take it. > > If not, read the studies on humans. CLA doesn't have any significant > effect of those. Here's a study that says CLA works very well on humans: http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/040520/dcw047a_1.html >Here's a study that says CLA works very well on humans: > >http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/040520/dcw047a_1.html That's not a study, it's a press release. However, I took a look at the original study. In the first place, the "significant decline in body weight " in the CLA group was a baseline BMI of 28.1 ± 1.5 and 27.7 ± 1.7 at the end of a year. Baseline body fat was 31.6 ± 5.2 and at the end of a year it was 29.9 ± 5.6.. There was no change in LBM. The study was also supported by Natural LTD and Cognis Nutrition and Health. Cognis Nutrition supplies the raw materials for Tonalin CLA. So the independence of this study is questionable. Here are two recent reviews of the literature that describe the effect of cla on humans as minimal: Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition and plasma lipids in humans: an overview of the literature. Terpstra AH. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;79(3):352-61. From the results section: Body weight and composition All the studies indicated that the administration of CLA had no significant effect on body weight or body weight regain. After correction for changes in body weight in the control groups, there was a net increase in body weight due to CLA in the body weight regain study by Kamphuis et al, and this increase ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 kg. In the other studies, the corrected net change in body weight ranged from an increase of 0.4 kg to a decrease of 2.2 kg. None of these changes, however, were significant There was a significant effect of CLA on body fat mass in only 2 studies. This effect could not be ascribed to a higher intake of CLA in these studies than in the other studies, and there appeared to be no relation between the dose of trans-10, cis-12 isomer, the isomer involved in the body fat-lowering effect, and the body fat-lowering effect. Furthermore, in these 2 studies that reported a significant body fat-lowering effect of CLA, the subjects also participated in a light or intensive training program or did 90 min of strenuous exercise 3 times/wk. Thus, it is possible that exercise may have enhanced the body fat-lowering effect of CLA. In the studies by Berven et al, Blankson et al, and Thom et al, the net decrease in body fat tended to be greater than the net decrease in body weight, and in the study by Smedman and Vessby, there was a slight net increase in body weight but a net decrease in body fat. This finding indicates that in these studies, a change took place not only in body fat but also in lean body mass (LBM). A net decrease in body fat that was greater than the net decrease in body weight indicates that there was an increase in LBM or that the decrease in LBM was less than that in the control group, as seen in the study by Berven et al. Furthermore, in the weight regain study by Kamphuis et al, CLA tended to promote body weight regain after a weight-loss regimen, and this net increase in body weight was predominantly due to an increase in LBM. See also: Efficacy and safety of dietary supplements containing CLA for the treatment of obesity: evidence from animal and human studies. Larsen TM, et al. J Lipid Res. 2003 Dec;44(12):2234-41. Epub 2003 Aug 16. From the results section: No effect of CLA consumption on body weight was found in any of the 13 studies. FM was assessed in 10 studies, and three of these found a decrease in FM. Fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed in seven studies, but only one of these studies found a slight increase in body FFM (FFM assumed to correspond to lean body mass). Three studies assessed neither FM nor FFM. With respect to cardiovascular risk factors, either no or very small changes in cholesterol levels were reported, and no consistent changes were observed. Only one study included direct insulin sensitivity measurements. In this study by Riserus et al., for 12 weeks, supplementation with 3.4 g/day of purified (75%) t10,c12 resulted in a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity (using an intravenous glucose tolerance test), an increase in fasting plasma glucose, and a significant increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation and a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk. CLA supplementation in humans has been shown to increase urinary levels of 8-iso-PGF2-a and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2-a, which are in vivo markers of nonenzymatic and enzymatic lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, processes that may contribute to insulin resistance. To summarize, the present data from human trials does not support any weight loss-inducing effect of CLA, and there is no unequivocal evidence of an effect on body fat percentage. In addition, it seems that CLA may actually induce adverse effects, including insulin resistance, in subjects susceptible to type 2 diabetes. I wrote a review of my own a couple of years ago which found the same thing that these researchers did. FWIW, Barbara Hirsch, Publisher OBESITY MEDS AND RESEARCH NEWS The latest in obesity research and weight loss drug development http://www.obesity-news.com/ >>Here's a study that says CLA works very well on humans: >> [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > fat was 31.6 ± 5.2 and at the end of a year it was 29.9 ± 5.6.. There > was no change in LBM. a loss of 3 pounds is not bad if one is doing nothing to lose weight... But the point of CLA is not that it promotes weight loss, it is that it promotes body recomposition, at least that's the claim. I am not here to advocate CLA, I have no interest in its sales, etc. What I am interested, as far as my own personal plans, is mainly body recomposition, replacing some of my fat with muscle. > The study was also supported by Natural LTD and Cognis Nutrition and > Health. Cognis Nutrition supplies the raw materials for Tonalin CLA. > So the independence of this study is questionable. good point. > Here are two recent reviews of the literature that describe the effect > of cla on humans as minimal: [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > All the studies indicated that the administration of CLA had no > significant effect on body weight or body weight regain. After right > correction for changes in body weight in the control groups, there was > a net increase in body weight due to CLA in the body weight regain [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > exercise 3 times/wk. Thus, it is possible that exercise may have > enhanced the body fat-lowering effect of CLA. There is no fair comparison between the control group and CLA group, is that what they are saying? > In the studies by Berven et al, Blankson et al, and Thom et al, the > net decrease in body fat tended to be greater than the net decrease in > body weight, and in the study by Smedman and Vessby, there was a > slight net increase in body weight but a net decrease in body fat. which is an effect that would be beneficial to me. I could control my overall weight with a diet, and use CLA for recomposition. > This finding indicates that in these studies, a change took place not > only in body fat but also in lean body mass (LBM). A net decrease in [quoted text clipped - 34 lines] > enzymatic lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, processes that may > contribute to insulin resistance. This is surprising, as I saw, just today, a reference to CLA improving insulin sensitivity of fat tissue. > To summarize, the present data from human trials does not support any > weight loss-inducing effect of CLA, and there is no unequivocal [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > I wrote a review of my own a couple of years ago which found the same > thing that these researchers did. Barbara, I greatly appreciate you participating in this thread and making a contribution. I have no interest in promoting CLA, rather, I want to find out if it is a worthwhile supplement. I have to confess that I am taking it now, and subjectively, it looks like my muscles are growing a bit faster. That;s obviously highly subjective and unscientific. i >> However, I took a look at the original study. In the first place, the >> "significant decline in body weight " in the CLA group was a baseline [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] >weight... But the point of CLA is not that it promotes weight loss, it >is that it promotes body recomposition, at least that's the claim. The study doesn't report the weight loss in kilograms or pounds, just change in BMI. But it's not a good study, and these results have not been found in other studies on humans. >> There was a significant effect of CLA on body fat mass in only 2 >> studies. This effect could not be ascribed to a higher intake of CLA [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] >There is no fair comparison between the control group and CLA group, >is that what they are saying? No. They're saying that in the two studies on CLA which did show a change in body fat, that change could not be attributed to: 1) higher CLA intake 2) A difference in the composition of the CLA, In addition, the subjects in the 2 studies participated in exercise routines which may have had an effect on the outcome. >> In the studies by Berven et al, Blankson et al, and Thom et al, the >> net decrease in body fat tended to be greater than the net decrease in [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] >which is an effect that would be beneficial to me. I could control my >overall weight with a diet, and use CLA for recomposition. It would be to us all. But the studies are very inconsistent. >This is surprising, as I saw, just today, a reference to CLA improving >insulin sensitivity of fat tissue. I'd have to have a reference to comment. If the study was in vitro, or on animals, the results would mean little. If the study was a human study, I'd still have to read it. >Barbara, I greatly appreciate you participating in this thread and >making a contribution. I have no interest in promoting CLA, rather, I >want to find out if it is a worthwhile supplement. I have to confess >that I am taking it now, and subjectively, it looks like my muscles >are growing a bit faster. That;s obviously highly subjective and >unscientific. I tried it years ago. It had no effect on me. But a study of one, be it you or me, doesn't really say much about anything! Good luck, Barbara Hirsch, Publisher OBESITY MEDS AND RESEARCH NEWS The latest in obesity research and weight loss drug development http://www.obesity-news.com/ > >Here's a study that says CLA works very well on humans: > > > >http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/040520/dcw047a_1.html > > That's not a study, it's a press release. It's not a press release, it's a story in a mainstream news source about a study showing that CLA helps overweight people lose fat. You can follow the links and read the actual study for yourself. >> >http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/040520/dcw047a_1.html >> [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] >study showing that CLA helps overweight people lose fat. You can follow >the links and read the actual study for yourself. Um no. Look again. At the very top of the page it says "press release", and the source is Cognis Nutrition & Health, a supplier of CLA and the supporter of the study. There is no link to the study in the press release, only to the Tonalin and Cognis Nutrition sites. It is also only one study, and one that has a bias at the very least.. You need to understand the entirety of the research to make a conclusion. I read all of the existing studies when I wrote a review article on CLA September 2001, but since my review was written almost three years ago, I referenced two more recent review articles that have referenced literature published after I wrote my review., If you want to make your conclusion on this single, biased study, that showed minimal results at best, be my guest. BTW, if you'd like a link to the article, which appeared in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, it is: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/79/6/1118 You need a subscription for full text, but since I have one, I'd be happy to e-mail it to you. Barbara Hirsch, Publisher OBESITY MEDS AND RESEARCH NEWS The latest in obesity research and weight loss drug development http://www.obesity-news.com/ > >> >http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/040520/dcw047a_1.html > >> [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > release", and the source is Cognis Nutrition & Health, a supplier of > CLA and the supporter of the study. OK whatever. You win. It's a press release courtesy of Yahoo Finance. CLA? I've been on it for a month. I'm I getting ripped off? Maybe, but it's not like it's a lot of money. Am I ripped? Close, but not quite there. I'm in the best shape of my adult life though. CLA!! CLA!! >> >> >http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/040520/dcw047a_1.html >> >> [quoted text clipped - 15 lines] > > I'm in the best shape of my adult life though. CLA!! CLA!! do you train? Maybe it is the training and not CLA. i who is also taking CLA but is not sure about it > do you train? Maybe it is the training and not CLA. > > i > who is also taking CLA but is not sure about it I don't train, but I do try to get at least an hour of exercise in each day. Walking, biking, windsurfing, paddling, swimming.. whatever. This once obese 44 yr old now almost has abs. I *think* CLA has helped. Anyway, I'm buying another bottle. >OK whatever. You win. It's a press release courtesy of Yahoo Finance. > [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > >I'm in the best shape of my adult life though. CLA!! CLA!! I'm not out to win anything. If you're happy, I'm happy. CLA probably doesn't help, but it definitely won't hurt you. Good luck, Barbara Hirsch, Publisher OBESITY MEDS AND RESEARCH NEWS The latest in obesity research and weight loss drug development http://www.obesity-news.com/ On Mon, 19 Jul 2004 16:06:21 GMT, Barbara Hirsch >I'm not out to win anything. If you're happy, I'm happy. CLA probably >doesn't help, but it definitely won't hurt you. > [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] >The latest in obesity research and weight loss drug development >http://www.obesity-news.com/ What about the more recent research (particularily the studies done amoung teenage girls) that shows milk helps maintain weight (helps to prevent obesity)? Don't you think that CLA may be a factor there? I'm not sure about CLA in isolation, or with Green Tea extract etc, but combined with the calcium, fat and other nutrients in milk, I wouldn't be at all surprised to find it's a contributor to a 'synergistic blend'. Also, there is recent research that shows much is to be said for the reduction in the size of fat cells (rather than just decreasing the volume ie. via liposuction) Also, are you aware of some recent research showing the anti-cancer properties of CLA (specifically against breast cancer?) It seems fat and amino acids are a vastly understudied area just beginning to come to light (DHA, GLA, etc.) -- "A particularly significant double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with CLA, published in the International Journal of Obesity, found an average reduction of one inch to the waistlines of 25 men over a four week study period, with no cardiovascular risk or other side effects." >>Here's two interesting articles, all related to how certain safe >>nutritional supplements help destroy fat cells, and maintain level of [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > If not, read the studies on humans. CLA doesn't have any significant > effect of those. Hm, good point. I just checked it out. Some articles that I just found on medline say just that -- that CLA does not work as well in people as it does in rodents, whereas some (article 15159244) say that CLA reduced fat by 7-8 % and increased LBM by 1.5%, after one year. It was a double blind randomized study. Maybe the effect of CLA on mice is greater, but, I think, reducing fat by 8% and gaining 2% of LBM is a good deal. i One dark day on Usenet, Barbara Hirsch <asd@obesity-news.com> said: > >Here's two interesting articles, all related to how certain safe > >nutritional supplements help destroy fat cells, and maintain level of [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > If not, read the studies on humans. CLA doesn't have any significant > effect of those. What the dickens *is* CLA, anyway..?  SignatureJ.J. in WA * 275/231/225 (mini) (COLD to HOT for e-mail) One dark day on Usenet, byakee@COLDmail.com (byakee) said: > One dark day on Usenet, Barbara Hirsch <asd@obesity-news.com> said: > > [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > > What the dickens *is* CLA, anyway..? Conjugated Linoleic Acid -- hehe, answered my own question... SignatureJ.J. in WA * 275/231/225 (mini) (COLD to HOT for e-mail) > One dark day on Usenet, Barbara Hirsch <asd@obesity-news.com> said: >> [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > > What the dickens *is* CLA, anyway..? conjugated linoleic acid, it is a nutrient naturally present in free range beef, for example. A widely studied nutritient. i |
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